今天是7月17日，星期三，遗传学课已接近尾声，此前我们已经学习了人类基因组的结构与组成、基因组的多态性、SNPs，今天我们学习基因的筛选与鉴定，在老师耐心的指导下，我们使用excel与网站进行数据的筛选与统计，学习到了许多实用的筛选数据的方法。
在中国，老师讲授知识会用PPT，在法国亦然。但是法国的老师会在讲授完每一段知识时停下来，详细解答学生提出的问题，你也可以随时向老师请教，老师很乐意听到学生提问并且也很乐意解答。每堂课持续三个小时，中间会有十五分钟休息时间，课程前段老师会讲授理论知识，后半段会教学生实际操作，使用网站和软件进行实际应用，筛选和鉴别基因，最后进行分析，学生也会做一些练习回答老师的问题。老师非常负责和细心，她会教会每一位同学使用软件完成要学习的内容，不仅会用投影演示，还会帮每一位同学实际操作。
在这里每位老师都很尽职尽责，但是她们的法式英语还是让同学们有些不适应，所幸她们讲授知识时非常细致，尽量解释我们不懂的专业词汇，语速也能让人很容易接受，还会发一些资料，PPT上会详细说明软件操作的步骤，简明易懂。
此外，课程全程每人都能配备一台电脑，使用电脑看老师的PPT，查阅资料，学习完理论知识后使用电脑中的软件处理数据，这种学习完理论知识后可以马上在老师的指导下应用知识的教学模式非常高效，也更能让学生理解和掌握知识，更多的实际操作可以加深印象，不断地发现问题，自行解决问题，锻炼能力。
下午，我们参观了位于埃夫里大学附近的基因谷Genopole。成立于1998年，是法国历史最悠久，规模最大的生物集群（biocluster），它致力于基因组学驱动的研发和创新，它旨在鼓励创新，以促进健康经济、公民健康和环境健康的发展进步。今天，通过为生物企业家提供环境和基础设施，Genopole已成为人类，动物和微生物遗传学领域的领先集群，并在创新生物疗法，个性化医疗和工业生物技术领域拥有杰出的专业水平及素养。
首先，Laurent Pépin经理为我们简短地介绍了Genopole的规模、目前的研究方向等主要情况，并引出了今天讲座的大主题——“如何创立和发展一份事业”，这个命题和之前课程上偏科研知识的主题有所不同，旨在分享科研人员们如何将自己的研究成果带入市场，并以此获得利润。而很多同学们心中或多或少都有一个创业梦，这个主题则激起了同学们更大的兴趣和更深的思考。
随后，主管国际项目的Aurélie Seguin经理和大家分享了目前中法两国在培养人才上的合作以及科研项目上日益紧密的合作交流。她收集了许多相关的统计数据，直观地表现了目前已有3700名中国留学生在法国读书，其中有43％的同学在攻读研究生或博士学位，未来期望中国留学生人数达到5000。同时，两国之间有很多科研项目也正在如火如荼地进行，发展前景十分可观。让大家出其不意的是，这位老师的PPT上都是法语，只能全靠听老师讲输入知识，使得这节课略显吃力。
最后，Wiratech Europe 公司的CEO Sami Djoulah 和我们分享了创建公司的经验以及主要的研究方向，包括一些难攻克的癌症、多种疾病相关的TCR的表达特征、监控、药物应答等方面的研究。当然，他们公司在中国也有很多合作项目。Djoulah先生有一个观点很值得分享：创新就是科研在对的时机进入市场。作为在校学生，面对这个问题我们还有些懵懂，但关于科研成果市场化，这一定是很重要的一点。之后，同学们也都积极主动地去和老师讨论这个问题。
Today is Wednesday, July 17, genetics class is almost over. We have studied the structure and composition of the human genome, polymorphisms, SNPs in the genome, we study genetic screening and identificationtoday.Under the patient guidance of the teacher , we used excel and website for data filtering and statistics, and learned many useful ways to filter data.
In China, teachers use PPT to teach knowledge, and also in France.But French teachers will stop at the end of each section and answer the questions raised by the students in detail, and you can also ask the teachers at any time. The teachers are very happy to hear the students' questions answer them.It takes three hours for each class, with a 15-minute break in the middle. In the first half of the class, the teacher will teach the students theoretical knowledge, and in the second half, the students will be taught how to use websites and software for practical application,such as screening and identifying genes, and finally conducting analysis. The students will also do some exercises to answer the teacher's questions.The teacher is very responsible and careful. She will teach every student to use the software to complete what will be learned. She will not only use projection to demonstrate, but also help every student.
Every teacher here is very conscientious, but their French English is difficult for some students does to adapt. Fortunately, they are very careful when they teach the knowledge, try to explain vocabulary that we don't understand and the speaking speed is also very easy to accept. They will send some PPT about software operating steps that are concise and easy to understand.
In addition, the whole students can be equipped with a computer, and use it to see the teacher's PPT and search for information. After learning the theory knowledge, we use a computer software to process data. The teaching mode that we can apply the knowledge immediately under the teachers’ guidance after learning theory is very efficient, and can also make the students understand and grasp more knowledge. More practice can deepen the impression,discover problems constantly, solve the problem by ourselves,and exercise the ability to study.
In the afternoon, we visited Genopole, a gene valley near the university of evry.Founded in 1998, it is the oldest and largest biocluster in France that is dedicated to the development and innovation of genome-driven research .It aims to encourage innovation to advance the development of healthy economies, civic health and environmental health.Today, by providing the environment and infrastructure for bioentrepreneurs, Genopole is a leading cluster in human, animal and microbial genetics with outstanding expertise in innovative biotherapy, personalized medicine and industrial biotechnology.
First, Laurent Pepin briefly introduced the scale of Genopole, the current research and so on, and raises the main theme of the lecture today - "how to create and develop a career". The theme of the partial research is a little different from what we learned in class. It shares the achievements how to make scientific research into the market and gain profit.While many students have a dream of entrepreneurship in their hearts more or less, this theme arouses students' greater interest and deeper thinking.
Subsequently, Aurelie Seguin, who is in charge of international projects, Shared with us the current cooperation between China and France in talent cultivation, and the increasingly close cooperation and exchange in scientific research projects.She collected many relevant statistics and intuitively showed that there are 3,700 Chinese students studying in France currently , 43 percent of whom are studying for graduate or doctoral degrees. In the future, the number of Chinese students is expected to reach 5,000.At the same time, many scientific research projects between the two countries are also in full swing, with promising development prospects.To our surprise, this teacher's PPT is all in French, which can only rely on listening to the teacher, making it slightly difficult for us to understand.
Finally, Sami Djoulah, CEO of Wiratech Europe, Shared with us his experience in establishing the company and his main research direction, including research on the expression characteristics, monitoring, drug response and other aspects related to some intractable cancers and various diseases.Of course, their company also has many cooperative projects in China.Mr Djoulah has a point that is worth sharing: innovation is when research enters the market at the right time.As students in school, we are still a little ignorant about this problem, but it must be an important point about the marketization of scientific research achievements.After that, the students took the initiative to discuss the problem with the teacher.
